Structs e interfaces

Go Struct Embedding and Composition

Go has no inheritance. Reuse fields and methods by embedding one struct in another.

Intermedio
4 min de lectura
1 ejemplo ejecutable

Lo que aprenderás

Embedding a struct
Promoted fields and methods
Composition

Ejecutar código →

type Dog struct

Dog
- AnimalName, Describe()
- Breed

Build types from smaller types

Go has no inheritance. Instead, a struct can embed another struct, and the fields and methods of the embedded type become available on the outer one. This is called composition.

Dog embeds Animal, so dog.Name and dog.Describe() work as if they were declared on Dog. The embedded value can still be reached by its type name, as in dog.Animal.Name. Service gets a Log method by embedding Logger.

Puntos clave

Dog embeds Animal and gets Name and Describe.
The embedded value is still reachable: dog.Animal.
Embedding is composition, not inheritance.

Ejemplo ejecutable de Go

Ejecutar código →

main.go

package main

import "fmt"

type Animal struct {
	Name string
}

func (a Animal) Describe() string {
	return a.Name + " is an animal"
}

type Dog struct {
	Animal // embedded: Dog gets Name and Describe
	Breed  string
}

func (d Dog) Speak() string {
	return d.Name + " says woof"
}

type Logger struct{ Prefix string }

func (l Logger) Log(message string) { fmt.Println(l.Prefix + message) }

type Service struct {
	Logger
	Name string
}

func main() {
	dog := Dog{Animal: Animal{Name: "Rex"}, Breed: "Collie"}
	fmt.Println(dog.Describe())
	fmt.Println(dog.Speak())
	fmt.Println(dog.Animal.Name, dog.Breed)

	service := Service{Logger: Logger{Prefix: "[api] "}, Name: "users"}
	service.Log("started " + service.Name)
}

Obtén un botón Run para este ejemplo Resultado de ejecutar el código

Rex is an animal
Rex says woof
Rex Collie
[api] started users

Practica

Abre el ejemplo en el compilador online, cambia un valor o añade una línea y predice la salida antes de ejecutarlo. Después rompe el código a propósito y lee el mensaje del compilador.

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